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Adolph von Morlot
Adolph von Morlot (also: Charles Adolph de Morlot; see Note 1) (5 April 1820 - 10 February 1867 was a scientist who specialized in geology and later in archaeology. He was born in Naples, Italy and died in Bern, Switzerland (Note 2). Von Morlot is known for performing the first ever laboratory synthesis of the mineral dolomite and known by archaeologists as one of the pioneers of underwater archaeology.
==Scientific career==
Von Morlot was born into a well-to-do family, living in Bern, Switzerland. In the 17th century his family had moved from the Lorraine (region) of France to Switzerland. Because Adolph's grandfather had not been able to afford to pay for the possible procurement of a good position for all of his three sons (the family fortune had been decimated as the result of the French Revolution, Adolph's father had to studuy medicine and had started working as a family doctor in Bern. His father's marriage to the wealthy English lady Constance Ingleby freed him from further financial troubles (Note 3). The marriage between Mark Theodore ''de'' (or: ''von'') Morlot (Note 4) and Constance Ingleby was blessed with the births of Karl Adolph and of his sister Margaretha Elisabeth Adolfine.
The education of Adolph von Morlot started out at a public school in Gottstatt, near Biel/Bienne, Switzerland; during 1835 and 1836 he visited the municipal "Realschule"of Bern, where he developed a definite liking for mathematics. Eighteen years old Adolph von Morlot entered the University of Bern; not only to pursue his interests in mathematics, but also to study geology (under professor Bernhard Studer and to take part in geological excursions. However, he felt the need for a better education in especially mathematics and in the autumn of 1838 he went to the Collège Sainte Barbe in Paris, which held a reputation for teaching mathematics. In 1843 Von Morlot went to Freiberg, Germany to study ore mining. At the suggestion of professor Bernhard von Cotta of Freiberg, Adolph von Morlot was asked to join the newly formed "Geognotisch-montanistischen Verein für Innerösterreich und das Land ob der Enns". The intention of this society, organized at the instigation of Erzherzog Johann von Österreich, was to study the geology of said part of Austria-Hungary. In the summer of 1844 Von Morlot moved to Vienna, where he started working at the "Kaiserlich-Königliches Hof-Mineraliencabinet", which was housed in the same building as that of the upcoming "Kaiserlich-Königliches Montanistisches Museum" of Wilhelm Haidinger. According to Wurzbach's "Biographisches Lexikon"
〔Wurzbach, C. von (1968): Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthalten die Lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen Personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen Kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben. (1868) Neunzehnter Theil (Moll - Mysliveczk). Druck und Verlag der k.k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Wien, 518 p. ()〕 Adolph von Morlot immediately felt at home in his new surroundings: the open and honest discussions greatly stimulated his lively, albeit independent mind. In the years that followed many publications on the regional geology of various parts of Austria from his hand appeared, including work on a new geological map. In 1844 Von Morlot travelled to Graz in order to assist in the activities of the "Geognostisch-montanistischen Verein für Innerösterreich und das Land ob der Enns", and there he met for example fellow scientists (phyto-paleontologist) Franz Unger and (mining specialist) Peter Ritter von Tunner. From Graz Von Morlot went to Salzburg, where he was introduced to Erzherzog Johann von Österreich, after which he travelled to Switzerland to visit his family. The 1844 journey ultimately took him to Freiberg, where Von Morlot again took up his studies of ore mining techniques. Meanwhile, in Graz the general assembly of the "Geognostisch-montanistischen Verein für Innerösterreich und das Land ob der Enns" had decided to appoint Adolph von Morlot as its "Vereinscommisar". Although his new appointment required him to live in Graz, Von Morlot tried his best to move to Vienna. On 2 June 1846 he held his first lecture at a meeting of the "Freunde der Naturwissenschaften" (the scientific society founded by Wilhelm Haidinger. What followed were five years in Vienna, devoted during the summer to field studies in geology and to scientific work in winter time.
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